China's foreign ministry and experts urged the U.S. to stop what they called unjustified pressure on Chinese firms, a view on advanced-technology and trade restrictions.

As technology and security increasingly merge with trade policy worldwide, curbs on specific firms and items—and rebuttals to them—continue.

States impose curbs citing industry and security; counterparts may label them unfair pressure. Trade disputes are managed via negotiation and adjustment.

We report trade matters factually without siding with any nation, presenting both sides' claims and context.

Differences over technology and trade affect global supply chains and industry broadly.